Intonation Training eBook
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So I made a video a couple of weeks ago on intonation patterns in English and it seems to have gone down pretty well so I thought I’d make a video to expand on that very broad subject of intonation and talk more specifically about something called rising and falling intonation patterns in British English.
So if we’re talking about intonation, what we’re talking about really is pitch and the use of rhythm in speech. And the pitch and the rhythm start to add feeling and intention, because the meaning is really revealed in the language that we’re using and the construction of our sentences but the way we feel about what we’re saying is indicated through the use of pitch and the use of rhythm. So I guess we’re talking in a musical sense about how we’re using our voice as a musical instrument.
And so a rising intonation pattern would simply be a rise in the human voice; it would be a change in pitch; a glide in the pitch of our voice upwards. So for instance: ooo. Now we tend to use this rising intonation pattern when we’re asking questions. So the pitch of our voice tends to go up. So for instance: ‘when does the meeting start?’, ‘when does the meeting start?’, ‘start?’, can you hear that: ooo, ‘start?’ it rises, it comes up in the voice. ’would you like a cup of tea?’, ’would you like a cup of tea?’. So the question is a sort of way of sending out an invitation for some kind of response from whoever you’re speaking to.
I mean we do use this downward inflection, which I’ll talk more about in a moment, for some sorts of questions, but typically speaking we tend to use this upward inflection.
Another instance in which we would use this upward or rising inflection would be on lists: So if I’m saying, ‘I’d like some eggs, some milk, some cheese and some bread.’ And we would use a downward inflection ‘bread’ to say that we’ve finished the list but on the items before that we would use a rising inflection. So I would say, ‘eggs’, ‘milk’, ‘cheese’, ‘bread’, ‘I’d like some eggs, milk, cheese and bread.’
So on lists and most questions we would use this rising intonation pattern.
A falling or downward intonation pattern, would simply mean that the pitch of the voice drops down. So for instances: ooo, ooo. So I would say, for instance if I’m making a statement, ‘that’s wonderful’ , ‘that’s wonderful’. That’s one instance in which I would use a downward inflection.
Commands is another situation so I would say, ‘put that down!’, ‘put that down!’ , ‘go over there’, ‘stand against the wall’, yeah, downward inflection, ‘put that over there’ downward inflection.
So statements, commands and exclamations, those are the three instances in which we use this downward inflection. And we also tend to use this downward inflection (as I said with lists) at the end of our sentences, at the end of our content. So when we’re indicating that we’ve finished what it is that we want to say, again we tend to use this downward inflection.
But there is one more, there is something called a Circumflex Inflection. And you don’t need to remember that name, it’s a posh name, Circumflex Inflection. It basically stands for a pitch that rises, falls and then rises at the very end. And it’s not often talked about, and yet, especially in British English, we use it a lot, and we typically use it when we’re in the middle of our content, we’re in the middle of what we’re saying and we’re indicating to the listener, I just did it, ‘the listener’, that we haven’t finished what we’re saying yet, and then we do. And once we do we use a downward inflection. So this circumflex Inflection sounds bit like this: ooo, ooo, ooo. So it goes up, down, up, rise, fall, rise. So if i try to do that now, while I’m talking, what it suggests to you, is that I haven’t quite finished yet, and you’ll know when I’m finished, because I’m going to use this downward inflection, and it falls.
So if you’re in the middle of your conversations, and you don’t want anyone else to butt in or interrupt you, then using this circumflex inflection, will be a way to say ‘hey there, I haven’t finished what it is that I’m talking about, don’t interrupt me yet, but now I’ve finished and you can reply’.
So a rising intonation pattern would be: ooo. And we tend to use it for questions or for lists. A falling intonation, this downward intonation would be: ooo. And we tend to use that on exclamation, statements and commands and at the end of our sentences.
But there is this extra circumflex inflection: ooo, this rise, fall, rise, that we typically use when we’re in the middle of our conversations and at then end of each phrase, at the end of each segment, we use this circumflex inflection, to say that we haven’t finish yet but when we do we use a downward inflection and it falls.
To read more of this transcription visit this post on my website:
https://englishpronunciationroadmap.com/rising-and-falling-intonation/
Bullshits, who nobody wants to believe.
What a bunch of dorks
Is there any ever sun in uk. So depressing
schwacher geistiger Müll
Skinhead
You may have the media behind you but youll never be a skinhead. Skinheads are White and proud! Fuck the media! Fuck the middle class!
What's their instagram?
What's the name of the song playing ?
Haha these kids are kinda dorky
Im 65 and been a Skin most of me life.. I just disliked all people who weren't Skins,, didnt matter if you was white or black.. but it seemed that we was fighting more blacks than whites.. but to the rest of the world that made me a racist... im not racist.. I just dont like people who are cunts to me and me mates... so it dosent matter what race or religon you are, if you are a disrespectful prick and a big mouth you will get a touch up from me and me mates...
Proper original Skins DONT HAVE TATTOOS YOU MUPPET.
I thought skinhead culture was about punk rock
If your a racist Skin head then you have missed the point!!
Can they never just say 'Right' groups???? Always FAR Right, or EXTREME Right. It is only Far, and Extreme, to those of a Far-Left prerogative. Western media, the influential, agenda-driven 'voice' is so Left leaning with 'Liberal' 'Progessive' Socialist, LGBT aganda, Cultural Marxists... that anything slightly Right leaning, or Nationalist is always 'Far' or 'Extreme' or at best, 'Populist'. I wish the balance would shift to a genuine centre.
"Boots and braces don't make a racist." I like that!
most of the real skins are dead
A real skinhead is not a racist. Oi! from Russia
So basically Jamaica brought the party to England..
Politics have no place in our way of life..
I’ve actually met some really nice skin heads!
fTm Lads with Deep voices....
Заебали эти шарпы (
One day they'll be just the human race
Mods and skins , the greatest
I’m an original skin. We definitely don’t have tattoos.
"MUCH LOVE 4 DEM SKINHEAD MOVEMENT THEY GOT MASS COOL STYLES"!!..like "I KNOW WHEN I SEE GOOD, PEACEFUL, HONEST PEOPLE MUCH HUMBLE SPECS HOMIE PEACE UP Oi"!!..
If they claim to be non-racist skinhead then why are they wearing white laces? Posers
“Never tried to fit in with a crowd” yeah right.
That was sick bruv.. skinheads don't talk like that
What creates separation is communication, ignorance through misunderstanding. If we all can understand every language and necessity true happiness and love can merge with with what was once lost.
Posers
TATTOO INK IS POISONOUS AND STAYS IN THE BLOOD STREAM. IT ALSO DAMAGES THE BLOOD VESSELS AND PROHIBITS THE SKIN TO BREATH PROPERLY. RESULTING SHORTNESS OF BREATH.
Gay
Jamaica's skinhead culture was racist.
Yo any skinheads round Surrey? Keen to know whether the subcultures still around here
Lol this girl is a model or journalist or some crap. Whats her angle because she ain't just some skin bird
Skinhead skinhead over there
whats it like to have no hair
is it hot or is it cold....
Does anyone what that mask the lad was wearing on the scooter?
Propaganda .............. Non racial Skins were just scared pussy dropouts who were too weak to stand up and did the ole 'If ya cant beat them join them' act.
The neo-nazis in Germany, where I live, are mostly not skinheads.
It's really sad that the skinhead culture has become so tainted by Neo Nazi boneheads. Now the Proud Boys are making Fred Perry's hard to wear in public. I use to be a proud skinhead listening to ska and reggae but it became so dangerous for me walking around with braces and boots, it's a really hard subculture to be apart of if you don't have skinhead friends that have your back. It's also sad that people go to "American History X" when they think of skinheads. Its a good movie but people should watch "This Is England" that movie better defines the struggles of the thin line between a traditional skin and a national front far right bonehead.
I spoke to my uncle about this. He was a Skinhead in the 60's and I asked him about racism. He said the Skinheads were not originally racist but by 1970 the National Front started taking an interest in them. They recruited at football grounds and sometimes arranged outings to get some of these kids out of the inner cities, and also arranged other events to. Some Skinheads then were not the brightest of sparks and they fell for it, but many didn't. Then the media took over.
Am I tripping shit or were her eyes blue???
Skinheads listening to black music? Lmao
White laces?
I'm 21, My mind is utterly blown away and I want to say I'm sorry all my life I've been told skinheads are the same as nazi and I had do my research and I came across this. There goes to show hatred try to cover itself over something beautiful and idk of this culture and it's breathtaking I'm truly sorry if you are a skinhead I won't judge going off the past you have a beautiful heart
Any mods, skinheads or anything round Durham area?
The irony racist skinheads wouldn't exist if it wasn't for Jamaica and Ska????
I'm in my 50s and when I was younger, in my experience, skinheads were always racist and ready for a fight. A big part of their creed was bravery and never running from a fight. They often, for lack of a black face, would fight the punk rockers or anarchists. That was just what I saw with my own eyes.
What they are today has maybe morphed into something very different? Whether you can use the same word "skinhead" to describe both groups is debatable.
The differences that fasten idiots think that skinhead garbage looks good so they tried to wear a red laces as an excuse to dress up like Nazis. I say hang the fucking lot of them
been a skin for 40 year ,be what you want to be and do what you wanna do,and fuck everyone else oi ,oi
this man literally has white ladder tied laces
I'd deffo runaway from these
If you need to look for difference - there is no difference. Skinhead = Nazi
Since when are Britain First considered nazis? Get your facts right slappy
I remember going on a long weekend to London to see the sights ,we stayed in a Victorian hotel ,one day l went in a papershop and the song love of the common people was playing on the transistor radio ,three young skinheads were in there trying to buy a packet of John player no 6 ciggerettes,the lady behind the counter asked the skinhead his age ,he replied "Old enough " my dad commented ,"cheeky young git "! Always remember that.
The fuck has that girl got on her schnoz
Im not racist, I hate everybody equally as much lol
Ska is for proper skinheads, nazis racism is for cunts find your own culture to hide behind instead of tarnishing others,ska it up
that shit in her nose just bothers me
As a skinhead I'm not racist, I'm just not very fond of blacks
One time I was on a fairly packed carriage on the tube and the one and only empty seat was next to a skinhead. I was thinking "Really...?" I went ahead and sat down. Nothing to be afraid of.
hey blood this is sick fam, skinheads have turned into urban wannabe black wigger chavs LoooooL
True skinheads are ANTI RACIST! Any claims otherwise are just bullshit attempts to write the history of this subculture into their own. It's all LIES. True skinheads arent nazi pigs
You’re dreaming lad. National Front goes way back.
Skin heads was all about aggro !! But generally with other skins from other Council Estates. That's how it was up north. I'm 68 now, but back in 67 not 69, we would wear steel cap boots from the pit head stores, our dad old donkey jackets, Checky work shirts, & mostly cropped hair because we had lice most of the time. There was know black people lived in our area then, but I think this is the true origins of skinhead. Tar !!!
Oi Oi, fuck Ska, it's crap! Bone head 4eva!
And religion, love
Pathetic......
Anti-fascist OI
Genuinely learned something today!
very nice lads...gracie aint bad either
Who is here from Gwar slaughterama?
I spoken to old timers who were skinheads back in the original days and it may have not been politically racist but many of the Gangs were not keen on Jamaicans and Pakistanis are hated by all.
What we have today are larp kids who can't scap and don't gang up. These kids were born way to late to be authentic.
It wasn't a leftist gay larp in my days of 80_87. We were for real.
I think that suspenders are awesome and these guys look on point.
I've made a short video on my channel talking about the history of the culture, I'd appreciate you guys checking it out!
Am totally confused..what Skinheads and raggae?
I’m a Skinhead in real life but I’m 20 ??
Watch the series on All 4 -> https://bit.ly/2OcYWdg
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I was left waiting for the "...strong language....".
1:13 White laces....!!!!! Look up what WHITE LACES MEAN..????? Before you preach about past skinheads
about Russian skinheads https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t55nIBx41E0
Sam is a douchebag
get that shit out your face.
oi from central america
I hate my generation
What a joke lol
Its such a shame skinheads have been associated with racism. Its never was about that in the beginning, the very opposite in fact. Good to see some young people going back to Its original roots. Brave of them as well as they must constantly get judged and misunderstood.
Proper skins have always been Anti-Fascist #SHARP 1.21.1
very cool your pushing the Bolshevik line outing your hate for England.
Pc bootboys in the 70s n 80s ha. Ok
The image of skinheads in my country is so tiring that i grew my hair back, but always sharp in me heart !
Oi ruined skinhead it’s better off with just reggae and ska
????✊✊???️?️??♥️♥️???? WORK MAN GET STRONGER AND HARDER THAN OTHERS ‼?????????
Brilliant if only more people were like this! Black lads white lads Asian lads together Listen too reggae ska music instead of that rap crap.
3:14 I can tell you one thing I never saw Skinheads in the 70's or 80's dance like that. They usually did a stomping like dance swinging the arms.